Motor grader generally consists engine, mechanical and hydraulic drive systems, work devices, electrical and control systems, as well as chassis and walking devices and other components.
Motor grader of pure mechanical transmission of the , the engine power through mechanical or power shift transmission, mechanical drive axle (main drive wheel side deceleration and balance box) to the drive wheel, such as the Carter 16G and Heavenly PY250 grader.
Motor grader of hydraulic mechanical transmission, before the transmission with a torque converter. Now the majority of domestic and foreign manufacturers have adopted this type.
Now there are a variety of integrated use of two types of motor grader, such as the German O & K-FAUN company and the development of China and the introduction of the F105A, F155A grader, rear axle for hydraulic transmission, front axle for hydraulic machinery transmission. It can realize the front and rear wheels synchronize better, avoid the power cycle and reduce the tire wear. It can even realize the front-wheel drive over-speed driving according to the needs of the working condition, so as to play the driving effect of the wheel more effectively.
Working device of motor graders can be used purely mechanical manipulation, can also adopt hydraulic control or electro-hydraulic automatic control (that is based on hydraulic transmission, the use of semi-automatic or automatic control, including laser signal automatic control, etc.). Graded machine frame structure has a whole frame (or rigid frame, such as the development of the company's PY160B grader) and articulated rack (domestic and foreign manufacturers to use most of this structure, such as the United States Carter G Series , Germany O & K-FAUN's F series, in the development of the company's PY160C type, PY180 and PY200 type, Chang Lin PY190A type, Harbin Sihai DRESSER800 series, etc.). Steering modes include front wheel steering and spade steering (front wheel and frame steering).

Wheel arrangement types of motor graders (ie, the total number of rounds × number of wheels × steering wheel number) are generally: 4 × 2 × 2,4 × 4 × 4,6 × 6 × 6,6 × 6 × 2,6 × 4 × 6, 6 × 4 × 2 and so on. Most of the domestic and foreign use more than 6 × 4 × 2 (articulated rack). China-made PY160B grader wheel arrangement for the 6 × 4 × 6; PY160C type, PY180-type locomotives wheels arranged for the 6 × 4 × 2